Sulfur degassing at Erta Ale (Ethiopia) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes: Implications for degassing processes and oxygen fugacities of basaltic systems
Identifieur interne : 004951 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004950; suivant : 004952Sulfur degassing at Erta Ale (Ethiopia) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes: Implications for degassing processes and oxygen fugacities of basaltic systems
Auteurs : J. M. De Moor [États-Unis, Costa Rica] ; T. P. Fischer [États-Unis] ; Z. D. Sharp [États-Unis] ; P. L. King [États-Unis, Australie] ; M. Wilke [Allemagne] ; R. E. Botcharnikov [Allemagne] ; E. Cottrell [États-Unis] ; M. Zelenski [Russie] ; B. Marty [France] ; K. Klimm [Allemagne] ; C. Rivard [France] ; D. Ayalew [Éthiopie] ; C. Ramirez [Costa Rica] ; K. A. Kelley [États-Unis]Source :
- Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems [ 1525-2027 ] ; 2013-10.
Descripteurs français
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acta, Ag2s, Analytical precision, Basalt, Basaltic, Basaltic systems, Basaltic volcanoes, Basaltic volcanoes figure, Basaltic volcanoes table, Baso4, Behrens, Bizouard, Botcharnikov, Bubbler, Caldera, Central american, Chantilly, Chem, Conceptual model, Conduit, Convective, Convective degassing, Cosmochim, Costa rica, Cottrell, Crust, Crustal, Degassing, Degassing fractionation, Degassing processes, Dqfm, Earth planet, Equilibrium degassing, Equilibrium degassing fractionation, Erta, Eruption, Ethiopia, Fischer, Fractionation, Fractionation effects, Fugacity, Fumarolic, Fumarolic gases, Geochem, Geochim, Geol, Geophys, Geosyst, Geotherm, Gerlach, Giggenbach, Guern, Heavy isotope, Hydrothermal, Inclusion, Isotope, Isotope composition, Isotope compositions, Isotope fractionation, Isotopic, Isotopic equilibrium, Isotopic fractionation, Isotopically, Jugo, Kbar, Kelley, Kinetic effect, Kinetic fractionation, Klimm, Lava, Lava lake, Lett, Magma, Magma degassing rate, Magmatic, Magmatic gases, Magmatic system, Major element compositions, Mandeville, Marini, Masaya, Masaya caldera, Masaya volcano, Mass balance, Mather, Matrix, Matrix glass, Matrix glasses, Metrich, Mineral phases, Mole fraction, Momotombo, Moor, Morb, Nadeau, Nicaragua, Olivine, Open vent volcanoes, Oppenheimer, Oxidation state, Oxidized, Oxidized sulfur, Oxygen fugacities, Oxygen fugacity, Petrol, Plume, Plume gases, Redox, Sakai, Sawyer, Scaillet, Scoria, Scoria samples, Seawater sulfate, Silicate, Solubility, Speciation, Stix, Subducted sulfate, Subduction, Subduction zones, Sulfate, Sulfate aerosol, Sulfate aerosols, Sulfur, Sulfur content, Sulfur degassing, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur isotope compositions, Sulfur speciation, Technical processes, Uids, Undegassed, Uxes, Volcanic, Volcanic gases, Volcano, Volcanol, Wilke, Xanes.
- Teeft :
- Acta, Ag2s, Analytical precision, Basalt, Basaltic, Basaltic systems, Basaltic volcanoes, Basaltic volcanoes figure, Basaltic volcanoes table, Baso4, Behrens, Bizouard, Botcharnikov, Bubbler, Caldera, Central american, Chantilly, Chem, Conceptual model, Conduit, Convective, Convective degassing, Cosmochim, Costa rica, Cottrell, Crust, Crustal, Degassing, Degassing fractionation, Degassing processes, Dqfm, Earth planet, Equilibrium degassing, Equilibrium degassing fractionation, Erta, Eruption, Ethiopia, Fischer, Fractionation, Fractionation effects, Fugacity, Fumarolic, Fumarolic gases, Geochem, Geochim, Geol, Geophys, Geosyst, Geotherm, Gerlach, Giggenbach, Guern, Heavy isotope, Hydrothermal, Inclusion, Isotope, Isotope composition, Isotope compositions, Isotope fractionation, Isotopic, Isotopic equilibrium, Isotopic fractionation, Isotopically, Jugo, Kbar, Kelley, Kinetic effect, Kinetic fractionation, Klimm, Lava, Lava lake, Lett, Magma, Magma degassing rate, Magmatic, Magmatic gases, Magmatic system, Major element compositions, Mandeville, Marini, Masaya, Masaya caldera, Masaya volcano, Mass balance, Mather, Matrix, Matrix glass, Matrix glasses, Metrich, Mineral phases, Mole fraction, Momotombo, Moor, Morb, Nadeau, Nicaragua, Olivine, Open vent volcanoes, Oppenheimer, Oxidation state, Oxidized, Oxidized sulfur, Oxygen fugacities, Oxygen fugacity, Petrol, Plume, Plume gases, Redox, Sakai, Sawyer, Scaillet, Scoria, Scoria samples, Seawater sulfate, Silicate, Solubility, Speciation, Stix, Subducted sulfate, Subduction, Subduction zones, Sulfate, Sulfate aerosol, Sulfate aerosols, Sulfur, Sulfur content, Sulfur degassing, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur isotope compositions, Sulfur speciation, Technical processes, Uids, Undegassed, Uxes, Volcanic, Volcanic gases, Volcano, Volcanol, Wilke, Xanes.
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between sulfur and oxygen fugacity at Erta Ale and Masaya volcanoes. Oxygen fugacity was assessed utilizing Fe3+/∑Fe and major element compositions measured in olivine‐hosted melt inclusions and matrix glasses. Erta Ale melts have Fe3+/∑Fe of 0.15–0.16, reflecting fO2 of ΔQFM 0.0 ± 0.3, which is indistinguishable from fO2 calculated from CO2/CO ratios in high‐temperature gases. Masaya is more oxidized at ΔQFM +1.7 ± 0.4, typical of arc settings. Sulfur isotope compositions of gases and scoria at Erta Ale (δ34Sgas − 0.5‰; δ34Sscoria + 0.9‰) and Masaya (δ34Sgas + 4.8‰; δ34Sscoria + 7.4‰) reflect distinct sulfur sources, as well as isotopic fractionation during degassing (equilibrium and kinetic fractionation effects). Sulfur speciation in melts plays an important role in isotope fractionation during degassing and S6+/∑S is <0.07 in Erta Ale melt inclusions compared to >0.67 in Masaya melt inclusions. No change is observed in Fe3+/∑Fe or S6+/∑S with extent of S degassing at Erta Ale, indicating negligible effect on fO2, and further suggesting that H2S is the dominant gas species exsolved from the S2−‐rich melt (i.e., no redistribution of electrons). High SO2/H2S observed in Erta Ale gas emissions is due to gas re‐equilibration at low pressure and fixed fO2. Sulfur budget considerations indicate that the majority of S injected into the systems is emitted as gas, which is therefore representative of the magmatic S isotope composition. The composition of the Masaya gas plume (+4.8‰) cannot be explained by fractionation effects but rather reflects recycling of high δ34S oxidized sulfur through the subduction zone.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ggge.20255
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Costa Rica, France, Russie, États-Unis, Éthiopie
- Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Basse-Saxe, Brandebourg, District de Darmstadt, District fédéral central, Hesse (Land), Nouveau-Mexique, Rhône-Alpes
- Francfort-sur-le-Main, Grenoble, Hanovre, Moscou, Potsdam
- Université Johann Wolfgang Goethe de Francfort-sur-le-Main
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M." last="De Moor">J. M. De Moor</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 87131, Albuquerque, New Mexico</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Now at Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Heredia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Heredia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, T P" sort="Fischer, T P" uniqKey="Fischer T" first="T. P." last="Fischer">T. P. Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Albuquerque</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharp, Z D" sort="Sharp, Z D" uniqKey="Sharp Z" first="Z. D." last="Sharp">Z. D. Sharp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Albuquerque</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, P L" sort="King, P L" uniqKey="King P" first="P. L." last="King">P. L. King</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Now at Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra ACT</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Canberra ACT</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilke, M" sort="Wilke, M" uniqKey="Wilke M" first="M." last="Wilke">M. Wilke</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Helmholtzzentrum Potsdam, Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Brandebourg</region><settlement type="city">Potsdam</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Botcharnikov, R E" sort="Botcharnikov, R E" uniqKey="Botcharnikov R" first="R. E." last="Botcharnikov">R. E. Botcharnikov</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cottrell, E" sort="Cottrell, E" uniqKey="Cottrell E" first="E." last="Cottrell">E. Cottrell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>D.C.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zelenski, M" sort="Zelenski, M" uniqKey="Zelenski M" first="M." last="Zelenski">M. Zelenski</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marty, B" sort="Marty, B" uniqKey="Marty B" first="B." last="Marty">B. Marty</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de Recherches Petrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie, Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klimm, K" sort="Klimm, K" uniqKey="Klimm K" first="K." last="Klimm">K. Klimm</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Geowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region><settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement><settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Johann Wolfgang Goethe de Francfort-sur-le-Main</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivard, C" sort="Rivard, C" uniqKey="Rivard C" first="C." last="Rivard">C. Rivard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Grenoble</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayalew, D" sort="Ayalew, D" uniqKey="Ayalew D" first="D." last="Ayalew">D. Ayalew</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth Sciences, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramirez, C" sort="Ramirez, C" uniqKey="Ramirez C" first="C." last="Ramirez">C. Ramirez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Red Sismológica Nacional, University of Costa Rica, San Jose</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Jose</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelley, K A" sort="Kelley, K A" uniqKey="Kelley K" first="K. A." last="Kelley">K. A. Kelley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus, Rhode Island, Narragansett</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Narragansett</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</title><title level="j" type="alt">GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS</title><idno type="ISSN">1525-2027</idno><idno type="eISSN">1525-2027</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="4076">4076</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="4108">4108</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">33</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-10">2013-10</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1525-2027</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1525-2027</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acta</term><term>Ag2s</term><term>Analytical precision</term><term>Basalt</term><term>Basaltic</term><term>Basaltic systems</term><term>Basaltic volcanoes</term><term>Basaltic volcanoes figure</term><term>Basaltic volcanoes table</term><term>Baso4</term><term>Behrens</term><term>Bizouard</term><term>Botcharnikov</term><term>Bubbler</term><term>Caldera</term><term>Central american</term><term>Chantilly</term><term>Chem</term><term>Conceptual model</term><term>Conduit</term><term>Convective</term><term>Convective degassing</term><term>Cosmochim</term><term>Costa rica</term><term>Cottrell</term><term>Crust</term><term>Crustal</term><term>Degassing</term><term>Degassing fractionation</term><term>Degassing processes</term><term>Dqfm</term><term>Earth planet</term><term>Equilibrium degassing</term><term>Equilibrium degassing fractionation</term><term>Erta</term><term>Eruption</term><term>Ethiopia</term><term>Fischer</term><term>Fractionation</term><term>Fractionation effects</term><term>Fugacity</term><term>Fumarolic</term><term>Fumarolic gases</term><term>Geochem</term><term>Geochim</term><term>Geol</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Geosyst</term><term>Geotherm</term><term>Gerlach</term><term>Giggenbach</term><term>Guern</term><term>Heavy isotope</term><term>Hydrothermal</term><term>Inclusion</term><term>Isotope</term><term>Isotope composition</term><term>Isotope compositions</term><term>Isotope fractionation</term><term>Isotopic</term><term>Isotopic equilibrium</term><term>Isotopic fractionation</term><term>Isotopically</term><term>Jugo</term><term>Kbar</term><term>Kelley</term><term>Kinetic effect</term><term>Kinetic fractionation</term><term>Klimm</term><term>Lava</term><term>Lava lake</term><term>Lett</term><term>Magma</term><term>Magma degassing rate</term><term>Magmatic</term><term>Magmatic gases</term><term>Magmatic system</term><term>Major element compositions</term><term>Mandeville</term><term>Marini</term><term>Masaya</term><term>Masaya caldera</term><term>Masaya volcano</term><term>Mass balance</term><term>Mather</term><term>Matrix</term><term>Matrix glass</term><term>Matrix glasses</term><term>Metrich</term><term>Mineral phases</term><term>Mole fraction</term><term>Momotombo</term><term>Moor</term><term>Morb</term><term>Nadeau</term><term>Nicaragua</term><term>Olivine</term><term>Open vent volcanoes</term><term>Oppenheimer</term><term>Oxidation state</term><term>Oxidized</term><term>Oxidized sulfur</term><term>Oxygen fugacities</term><term>Oxygen fugacity</term><term>Petrol</term><term>Plume</term><term>Plume gases</term><term>Redox</term><term>Sakai</term><term>Sawyer</term><term>Scaillet</term><term>Scoria</term><term>Scoria samples</term><term>Seawater sulfate</term><term>Silicate</term><term>Solubility</term><term>Speciation</term><term>Stix</term><term>Subducted sulfate</term><term>Subduction</term><term>Subduction zones</term><term>Sulfate</term><term>Sulfate aerosol</term><term>Sulfate aerosols</term><term>Sulfur</term><term>Sulfur content</term><term>Sulfur degassing</term><term>Sulfur dioxide</term><term>Sulfur isotope compositions</term><term>Sulfur speciation</term><term>Technical processes</term><term>Uids</term><term>Undegassed</term><term>Uxes</term><term>Volcanic</term><term>Volcanic gases</term><term>Volcano</term><term>Volcanol</term><term>Wilke</term><term>Xanes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Acta</term><term>Ag2s</term><term>Analytical precision</term><term>Basalt</term><term>Basaltic</term><term>Basaltic systems</term><term>Basaltic volcanoes</term><term>Basaltic volcanoes figure</term><term>Basaltic volcanoes table</term><term>Baso4</term><term>Behrens</term><term>Bizouard</term><term>Botcharnikov</term><term>Bubbler</term><term>Caldera</term><term>Central american</term><term>Chantilly</term><term>Chem</term><term>Conceptual model</term><term>Conduit</term><term>Convective</term><term>Convective degassing</term><term>Cosmochim</term><term>Costa rica</term><term>Cottrell</term><term>Crust</term><term>Crustal</term><term>Degassing</term><term>Degassing fractionation</term><term>Degassing processes</term><term>Dqfm</term><term>Earth planet</term><term>Equilibrium degassing</term><term>Equilibrium degassing fractionation</term><term>Erta</term><term>Eruption</term><term>Ethiopia</term><term>Fischer</term><term>Fractionation</term><term>Fractionation effects</term><term>Fugacity</term><term>Fumarolic</term><term>Fumarolic gases</term><term>Geochem</term><term>Geochim</term><term>Geol</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Geosyst</term><term>Geotherm</term><term>Gerlach</term><term>Giggenbach</term><term>Guern</term><term>Heavy isotope</term><term>Hydrothermal</term><term>Inclusion</term><term>Isotope</term><term>Isotope composition</term><term>Isotope compositions</term><term>Isotope fractionation</term><term>Isotopic</term><term>Isotopic equilibrium</term><term>Isotopic fractionation</term><term>Isotopically</term><term>Jugo</term><term>Kbar</term><term>Kelley</term><term>Kinetic effect</term><term>Kinetic fractionation</term><term>Klimm</term><term>Lava</term><term>Lava lake</term><term>Lett</term><term>Magma</term><term>Magma degassing rate</term><term>Magmatic</term><term>Magmatic gases</term><term>Magmatic system</term><term>Major element compositions</term><term>Mandeville</term><term>Marini</term><term>Masaya</term><term>Masaya caldera</term><term>Masaya volcano</term><term>Mass balance</term><term>Mather</term><term>Matrix</term><term>Matrix glass</term><term>Matrix glasses</term><term>Metrich</term><term>Mineral phases</term><term>Mole fraction</term><term>Momotombo</term><term>Moor</term><term>Morb</term><term>Nadeau</term><term>Nicaragua</term><term>Olivine</term><term>Open vent volcanoes</term><term>Oppenheimer</term><term>Oxidation state</term><term>Oxidized</term><term>Oxidized sulfur</term><term>Oxygen fugacities</term><term>Oxygen fugacity</term><term>Petrol</term><term>Plume</term><term>Plume gases</term><term>Redox</term><term>Sakai</term><term>Sawyer</term><term>Scaillet</term><term>Scoria</term><term>Scoria samples</term><term>Seawater sulfate</term><term>Silicate</term><term>Solubility</term><term>Speciation</term><term>Stix</term><term>Subducted sulfate</term><term>Subduction</term><term>Subduction zones</term><term>Sulfate</term><term>Sulfate aerosol</term><term>Sulfate aerosols</term><term>Sulfur</term><term>Sulfur content</term><term>Sulfur degassing</term><term>Sulfur dioxide</term><term>Sulfur isotope compositions</term><term>Sulfur speciation</term><term>Technical processes</term><term>Uids</term><term>Undegassed</term><term>Uxes</term><term>Volcanic</term><term>Volcanic gases</term><term>Volcano</term><term>Volcanol</term><term>Wilke</term><term>Xanes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Éthiopie</term><term>Nicaragua</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Essence</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">We investigate the relationship between sulfur and oxygen fugacity at Erta Ale and Masaya volcanoes. Oxygen fugacity was assessed utilizing Fe3+/∑Fe and major element compositions measured in olivine‐hosted melt inclusions and matrix glasses. Erta Ale melts have Fe3+/∑Fe of 0.15–0.16, reflecting fO2 of ΔQFM 0.0 ± 0.3, which is indistinguishable from fO2 calculated from CO2/CO ratios in high‐temperature gases. Masaya is more oxidized at ΔQFM +1.7 ± 0.4, typical of arc settings. Sulfur isotope compositions of gases and scoria at Erta Ale (δ34Sgas − 0.5‰; δ34Sscoria + 0.9‰) and Masaya (δ34Sgas + 4.8‰; δ34Sscoria + 7.4‰) reflect distinct sulfur sources, as well as isotopic fractionation during degassing (equilibrium and kinetic fractionation effects). Sulfur speciation in melts plays an important role in isotope fractionation during degassing and S6+/∑S is <0.07 in Erta Ale melt inclusions compared to >0.67 in Masaya melt inclusions. No change is observed in Fe3+/∑Fe or S6+/∑S with extent of S degassing at Erta Ale, indicating negligible effect on fO2, and further suggesting that H2S is the dominant gas species exsolved from the S2−‐rich melt (i.e., no redistribution of electrons). High SO2/H2S observed in Erta Ale gas emissions is due to gas re‐equilibration at low pressure and fixed fO2. Sulfur budget considerations indicate that the majority of S injected into the systems is emitted as gas, which is therefore representative of the magmatic S isotope composition. The composition of the Masaya gas plume (+4.8‰) cannot be explained by fractionation effects but rather reflects recycling of high δ34S oxidized sulfur through the subduction zone.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Costa Rica</li><li>France</li><li>Russie</li><li>États-Unis</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country><region><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li><li>Basse-Saxe</li><li>Brandebourg</li><li>District de Darmstadt</li><li>District fédéral central</li><li>Hesse (Land)</li><li>Nouveau-Mexique</li><li>Rhône-Alpes</li></region><settlement><li>Francfort-sur-le-Main</li><li>Grenoble</li><li>Hanovre</li><li>Moscou</li><li>Potsdam</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Johann Wolfgang Goethe de Francfort-sur-le-Main</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Nouveau-Mexique"><name sortKey="De Moor, J M" sort="De Moor, J M" uniqKey="De Moor J" first="J. M." last="De Moor">J. M. De Moor</name></region><name sortKey="Cottrell, E" sort="Cottrell, E" uniqKey="Cottrell E" first="E." last="Cottrell">E. Cottrell</name><name sortKey="De Moor, J M" sort="De Moor, J M" uniqKey="De Moor J" first="J. M." last="De Moor">J. M. De Moor</name><name sortKey="Fischer, T P" sort="Fischer, T P" uniqKey="Fischer T" first="T. P." last="Fischer">T. P. Fischer</name><name sortKey="Kelley, K A" sort="Kelley, K A" uniqKey="Kelley K" first="K. A." last="Kelley">K. A. Kelley</name><name sortKey="King, P L" sort="King, P L" uniqKey="King P" first="P. L." last="King">P. L. King</name><name sortKey="Sharp, Z D" sort="Sharp, Z D" uniqKey="Sharp Z" first="Z. D." last="Sharp">Z. D. Sharp</name></country><country name="Costa Rica"><noRegion><name sortKey="De Moor, J M" sort="De Moor, J M" uniqKey="De Moor J" first="J. M." last="De Moor">J. M. De Moor</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ramirez, C" sort="Ramirez, C" uniqKey="Ramirez C" first="C." last="Ramirez">C. Ramirez</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="King, P L" sort="King, P L" uniqKey="King P" first="P. L." last="King">P. L. King</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Brandebourg"><name sortKey="Wilke, M" sort="Wilke, M" uniqKey="Wilke M" first="M." last="Wilke">M. Wilke</name></region><name sortKey="Botcharnikov, R E" sort="Botcharnikov, R E" uniqKey="Botcharnikov R" first="R. E." last="Botcharnikov">R. E. Botcharnikov</name><name sortKey="Klimm, K" sort="Klimm, K" uniqKey="Klimm K" first="K." last="Klimm">K. Klimm</name></country><country name="Russie"><region name="District fédéral central"><name sortKey="Zelenski, M" sort="Zelenski, M" uniqKey="Zelenski M" first="M." last="Zelenski">M. Zelenski</name></region></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Marty, B" sort="Marty, B" uniqKey="Marty B" first="B." last="Marty">B. Marty</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Rivard, C" sort="Rivard, C" uniqKey="Rivard C" first="C." last="Rivard">C. Rivard</name></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ayalew, D" sort="Ayalew, D" uniqKey="Ayalew D" first="D." last="Ayalew">D. Ayalew</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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